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1 испытание испытани·е
1) test, testingподвергнуть испытанию — to put (smth.) to a test
прекратить испытания — to stop / to discontinue / to cease tests
проводить испытания — to conduct / to carry out tests
производить испытание — to test (smth.), to perform a test
безудержные / ничем не ограниченные испытания (ядерного оружия) — unrestrained testing
боевое испытание — operational test (of)
лётное испытание — flight test / testing
подземные испытания — underground testing / tests
полевое / полигонное испытание — field test
решающее испытание — crucial / decisive test
скрытые / тайные испытания — secret / clandestine / covert testing / tests
экспериментальное испытание — experimental test / testing, pilot test
ядерное испытание — nuclear test / testing
прекратить ядерные испытания — to stop / to end / to cease / to discontinue nuclear tests
подземное ядерное испытание — undeground nuclear test / testing
(ядерные) испытания в атмосфере — atmospheric testing; tests in the atmosphere
ядерные испытания в трёх средах — nuclear tests in three elements / environments
полное запрещение испытаний — complete / total test-ban
испытание большой мощности — high-level / high-yield test
испытание малой мощности — low-level, low-yield test
испытание ядерного оружия — testing of nuclear weapon(s), nuclear weapon's testing
отказываться от испытаний и производства ядерного оружия — to renounce the testing and production of nuclear weapons
проводить серию подземных испытаний ядерного устройства — to conduct a series of underground tests of a nuclear device
2) (тягостное переживание) ordeal, trialвыдержать испытание — to stand / to bear a test
выдержать испытание временем — to stand / to withstand the test of time
Russian-english dctionary of diplomacy > испытание испытани·е
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2 determinante
adj.decisive, determining.m.1 determiner (grammar).2 determinant (Mat).* * *► adjetivo1 decisive, determinant1 MATEMÁTICAS determinant* * *ADJ SM determinant* * *I IImasculino (Mat) determinant; (Ling) determiner* * *= litmus test.Ex. Consequently, the process of retrieval and knowledge discovery from this huge amount of heterogeneous complex data builds the litmus-test for the research in the area.----* factor determinante = determinant, determining factor.* prueba determinante = litmus test.* * *I IImasculino (Mat) determinant; (Ling) determiner* * *= litmus test.Ex: Consequently, the process of retrieval and knowledge discovery from this huge amount of heterogeneous complex data builds the litmus-test for the research in the area.
* factor determinante = determinant, determining factor.* prueba determinante = litmus test.* * *el mal tiempo fue la causa determinante del accidente the bad weather was the main cause of o the determining factor in the accidentel factor determinante de nuestra decisión the deciding factor in our decision1 ( Mat) determinant2 ( Ling) determiner* * *
determinante adjetivo ‹ causa› main ( before n);
‹ factor› deciding ( before n)
determinante adjetivo
1 decisive
II sustantivo masculino
1 Ling determiner
2 Mat deteminant
' determinante' also found in these entries:
English:
determiner
- which
- who
* * *♦ adjdecisive, determining;ser un factor determinante to be a decisive o deciding factor;él fue determinante en la victoria de su equipo he played a decisive role in his team's victory♦ nm1. Gram determiner2. Mat determinant* * *I adj decisiveII f MAT determinant* * *determinante adj: determining, decidingdeterminante nm: determinant -
3 decisivo
adj.decisive, conclusive, critical, final.* * *► adjetivo1 (importante) decisive2 (concluyente) decisive, final\de forma decisiva definitely* * *(f. - decisiva)adj.* * *ADJ [resultado, factor, influencia, papel] decisive; [argumento] winning; [voto] decidinguna etapa decisiva de mi vida — a crucial o decisive stage in my life
* * *- va adjetivo <fecha/momento> crucial, decisive, critical; < prueba> conclusive; <voto/resultado> crucial, decisive* * *= conclusive, decisive, tie-breaker [tiebreaker], tie-breaking [tiebreaking], critical, peremptory, lifesaving.Ex. It certainly cannot be called a conclusive or exhaustive guide to library resources.Ex. It has since been echoed repeatedly in the discussion of cataloging despite the persuasive and decisive refutation of it by Panizzi before the Royal Commission.Ex. The article 'The Mathematical Equivalent of the Penalty Shootout' describes a library's mathematics competition question design policy and gives examples of tie-breaker questions.Ex. 'Casting vote' means tie-breaking vote.Ex. Needless to say, this technique is relatively slow but can be valuable if retrieval speed is not critical.Ex. The author's argumentation is vehement, sometimes peremptory, but not conclusive.Ex. The more experienced physicians, however, told a different story about lifesaving practices in pediatrics.----* coyuntura decisiva = Posesivo + road to Damascus.* de modo decisivo = decisively.* estar en un momento decisivo = be at a watershed.* momento decisivo = turning point, Posesivo + road to Damascus.* pase decisivo = assist.* prueba decisiva = litmus test.* ser el momento decisivo = mark + the watershed.* * *- va adjetivo <fecha/momento> crucial, decisive, critical; < prueba> conclusive; <voto/resultado> crucial, decisive* * *= conclusive, decisive, tie-breaker [tiebreaker], tie-breaking [tiebreaking], critical, peremptory, lifesaving.Ex: It certainly cannot be called a conclusive or exhaustive guide to library resources.
Ex: It has since been echoed repeatedly in the discussion of cataloging despite the persuasive and decisive refutation of it by Panizzi before the Royal Commission.Ex: The article 'The Mathematical Equivalent of the Penalty Shootout' describes a library's mathematics competition question design policy and gives examples of tie-breaker questions.Ex: 'Casting vote' means tie-breaking vote.Ex: Needless to say, this technique is relatively slow but can be valuable if retrieval speed is not critical.Ex: The author's argumentation is vehement, sometimes peremptory, but not conclusive.Ex: The more experienced physicians, however, told a different story about lifesaving practices in pediatrics.* coyuntura decisiva = Posesivo + road to Damascus.* de modo decisivo = decisively.* estar en un momento decisivo = be at a watershed.* momento decisivo = turning point, Posesivo + road to Damascus.* pase decisivo = assist.* prueba decisiva = litmus test.* ser el momento decisivo = mark + the watershed.* * *decisivo -va‹fecha/momento› crucial, decisive, critical; ‹prueba› conclusive; ‹voto/resultado› crucial, decisivejugó un papel decisivo en la resolución de la crisis she played a decisive role in resolving the crisis* * *
decisivo
‹ prueba› conclusive;
‹ papel› decisive
decisivo,-a adjetivo decisive
' decisivo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
decisiva
English:
crossroads
- crucial
- crunch
- decider
- deciding
- decisive
- determining
- foot
- inconclusive
- turning point
- winning
- conclusive
- indecisive
- instrumental
- turning
- vital
* * *decisivo, -a adj1. [que decide] decisive;su intervención fue decisiva a la hora de llegar a un acuerdo his intervention was decisive in reaching an agreement;fue la batalla decisiva que cambió el curso de la guerra that was the decisive battle which changed the course of the war;Vázquez marcó el gol decisivo Vázquez scored the decider o the deciding goal2. [muy importante] crucial, vital;tu apoyo es decisivo your support is crucial o vital* * *adj critical, decisive* * *decisivo, -va adj: decisive, conclusive♦ decisivamente adv* * *decisivo adj decisive -
4 afgørende
реша́ющий; определя́ющий* * *adj decisive ( fx battle, influence, phase, step);F crucial ( fx moment, mistake, test);( overbevisende) conclusive ( fx argument, evidence against somebody);( endelig) final ( fx decision);[ afgørende for] decisive for, crucial to (el. for);[ sige det afgørende ord] say the (decisive) word;[ formanden har den afgørende stemme] the chairman has a casting vote;[ af afgørende vigtighed] of vital (el. decisive el. crucial) importance;[ i det afgørende øjeblik] at the critical (el. psychological) moment;(se også II. lod). -
5 conclusivo
conclusive* * *conclusivo agg. conclusive, final, closing; decisive: esperimento conclusivo, conclusive test; risposta conclusiva, decisive answer; il suo discorso è calato di tono nella parte conclusiva, his speech sagged towards the end // (gramm.) congiunzione conclusiva, illative conjunction.* * *[konklu'zivo]* * *conclusivo/konklu'zivo/ -
6 решающий
1. critical2. marginal3. casting4. determinative5. overriding6. decisiveбой, не имеющий решающего значения — indecisive battle
7. conclusiveокончательное, решающее доказательство — conclusive evidence
8. crucial -
7 discrīmen
discrīmen inis, n [dis- + 2 CER-], that which parts, an intervening space, interval, distance, division, separation: cum (maria) pertenui discrimine separarentur: discrimina costis spina dabat, parted, V.: finem atque initium lucis exiguo discrimine internoscas, Ta. — Poet.: Fossarumque morae, leti discrimina parva, i. e. the brink of death, V.: tenue leti, V.—Fig., a distinction, difference, discrimination: hoc inter gratiosos civīs atque fortīs: sine discrimine armatos inermīs caedunt, L.: Discrimen obscurum solutis Crinibus, i. e. of sex, H.: sui alienique, L.: divinarum humanarumque rerum, L.—Poet.: septem discrimina vocum, the seven intervals (of the scale), V.: parvi discriminis umbrae, slightly varying (of color), O.— A decisive point, turning - point, critical moment, determination, decision: res in id discrimen adducta est: in discrimine est humanum genus, utrum, etc., L.: belli, Cu.: haec haud in magno ponam discrimine, regard as of great moment, L.—Poet.: discrimine aperto, the test, O.— A decisive moment, crisis, peril, risk, danger, hazard: in ipso discrimine periculi, L.: in summo rem esse discrimine, Cs.: salus sociorum summum in discrimen vocatur: in veteris fortunae discrimen adducitur: patriae: res p. in discrimen committenda, L.: quae multa vides discrimine tali, V.: discrimine vitae Coniugium pe tere, O.: ire obviam discrimini, Ta.— A decisive battle: vehemens, Cu.* * *crisis, separating line, division; distinction, difference -
8 discrimen
discrīmen, ĭnis, n. [contr. from discerimen à discerno; cf. crimen from cerno], lit., that which separates or divides two things from each other (for syn. cf.: differentia, discrepantia, diversitas, distantia); hence,I.Lit., an intervening space, interval, distance, division, separation:II.cum (duo maria) pertenui discrimine separarentur,
Cic. Agr. 2, 32, 87:minimum quos inter et hostem Discrimen murus clausaque porta facit,
Ov. Pont. 1, 8, 62:aequo discrimine,
Lucr. 5, 690; Verg. A. 5, 154:parvum leti,
Ov. M. 7, 426; Verg. A. 9, 143:dare discrimina costis,
i. e. to separate them, id. ib. 10, 382:quae (sc. littera F) inter discrimina dentium efflanda est,
Quint. 12, 10, 29:agminum,
Curt. 4, 12 fin.:ungulae,
Col. 6, 15 fin.:comae,
Ov. A. A. 2, 302; and in like manner poet.: telluris pectitae, i. e. furrow, Col. Poët. 10, 94; Claud. Nupt. Honor. 103:medium luci,
Grat. Cyneg. 486.—Hence, med. t. t., the dividing membrane, the midriff, diaphragm, Cael. Aur. Tard. 2, 11, 127; 5, 10, 124 al.—Trop. (so most frequent).A.In gen., a distinction, difference: amabat omnes, nam discrimen non facit, Lucil. ap. Non. 282, 27:B.iste, qui omnia jura pretio exaequasset omniumque rerum delectum atque discrimen pecunia sustulisset,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 50; cf.:officia tollebantur delectu omni et discrimine remoto,
id. Fin. 4, 25, 69:sit hoc discrimen inter gratiosos cives atque fortes, ut illi, etc.,
id. Balb. 21 fin.:sine ullo sexus discrimine,
Suet. Calig. 8; cf.:rapti per agros viatores sine discrimine liberi servique,
id. Aug. 32:omisso sui alicuique discrimine,
Liv. 5, 55:divinarum humanarumque rerum,
id. 5, 40:recti pravique,
Quint. 12, 3, 7:vocum,
id. 1, 5, 25; cf.so of the different tones of the strings: septem discrimina vocum,
Verg. A. 6, 646 et saep.— Poet.:tenues parvi discriminis umbrae,
i. e. of easy gradation, Ov. M. 6, 62. —In partic.1.With respect to disputed matters, which are to be distinguished between, and thus decided upon, the decisive point, turning-point, critical moment, determination, decision:2.quoniam res in id discrimen adducta est, utrum ille poenas rei publicae luat, an nos serviamus,
to this point, Cic. Phil. 3, 11, 29; cf.:ea res nunc in discrimine versatur, utrum... an, etc.,
id. Quint. 30, 92; Liv. 29, 17:vicit disciplina militaris, vicit imperii majestas, quae in discrimine fuerunt, an ulla post hanc diem essent,
id. 8, 35, 4: haec et his similia haud in magno equidem ponam discrimine, shall not regard as of great moment, id. praef. §8: postquam adesse discrimen ultimum belli animadvertit,
id. 44, 23:instant enim (adversarii) et saepe discrimen omne committunt,
abandon the most decisive points, Quint. 6, 4, 17 et saep.— Poet.:experiar, deus hic, discrimine aperto, An sit mortalis,
the test, Ov. M. 1, 222.—Transf., a dangerous, decisive moment, crisis, dangerous condition; risk, danger, hazard:in ipso discrimine periculi aliquem destituere,
Liv. 6, 17; so,periculi,
id. 8, 24: in summo rem esse discrimine, * Caes. B. G. 6, 38, 2; cf.:adducta est res in maximum periculum et extremum pene discrimen,
Cic. Phil. 7, 1:salus sociorum summum in periculum ac discrimen vocatur,
id. de Imp. Pomp. 5, 12:in extremo discrimine ac dimicatione fortunae,
id. Sull. 28:in veteris fortunae discrimen adducitur,
id. Mur. 27, 55; cf.:aliquem in discrimen capitis adducere,
id. Deiot. 1, 2; so,capitis,
Quint. 11, 1, 49:si ei subito sit allatum periculum discrimenque patriae,
Cic. Off. 1, 43, 154:rem publicam in discrimen committere,
Liv. 8, 32; 33, 7; cf.:fuitque dies illa tenebrarum et discriminis,
Vulg. Esth. 11, 8. -
9 фактор
factor; (действующая сила) agentвременные факторы — transitory / transient factors
долговременно действующий фактор, фактор долговременного действия — long-term / long-run factor
институционный фактор (влияние государства, профсоюзов, объединений на экономическую жизнь общества) — institutional factor
кратковременно действующий фактор, фактор кратковременного действия — short-term factor
определяющий фактор — test / governing factor
основной фактор — major / principal / dominant factor
периодически действующий / циклический фактор — cyclical factor
производственный фактор, фактор производства — factor of production
переменный производственный фактор (напр., рабочая сила) — variable factor
решающий фактор — determinant, decisive factor
явиться решающим фактором — to be a decisive factor, to turn the scale
решающий фактор внешней политики — key determinant of (one's) foreign policy
случайный фактор, фактор случайности — chance / random factor
стимулирующий фактор — motivating / incentive factor
субъективные факторы, факторы субъективного порядка — subjective factors
технологический фактор, фактор технического прогресса — technology factor
человеческий фактор — human factor / dimension
экономические факторы — economic(al) factors / forces
факторы, не поддающиеся количественному выражению — nonquantifiable factors
фактор, обусловливающий колебания курсов эк. — fluctuating principle
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10 Computers
The brain has been compared to a digital computer because the neuron, like a switch or valve, either does or does not complete a circuit. But at that point the similarity ends. The switch in the digital computer is constant in its effect, and its effect is large in proportion to the total output of the machine. The effect produced by the neuron varies with its recovery from [the] refractory phase and with its metabolic state. The number of neurons involved in any action runs into millions so that the influence of any one is negligible.... Any cell in the system can be dispensed with.... The brain is an analogical machine, not digital. Analysis of the integrative activities will probably have to be in statistical terms. (Lashley, quoted in Beach, Hebb, Morgan & Nissen, 1960, p. 539)It is essential to realize that a computer is not a mere "number cruncher," or supercalculating arithmetic machine, although this is how computers are commonly regarded by people having no familiarity with artificial intelligence. Computers do not crunch numbers; they manipulate symbols.... Digital computers originally developed with mathematical problems in mind, are in fact general purpose symbol manipulating machines....The terms "computer" and "computation" are themselves unfortunate, in view of their misleading arithmetical connotations. The definition of artificial intelligence previously cited-"the study of intelligence as computation"-does not imply that intelligence is really counting. Intelligence may be defined as the ability creatively to manipulate symbols, or process information, given the requirements of the task in hand. (Boden, 1981, pp. 15, 16-17)The task is to get computers to explain things to themselves, to ask questions about their experiences so as to cause those explanations to be forthcoming, and to be creative in coming up with explanations that have not been previously available. (Schank, 1986, p. 19)In What Computers Can't Do, written in 1969 (2nd edition, 1972), the main objection to AI was the impossibility of using rules to select only those facts about the real world that were relevant in a given situation. The "Introduction" to the paperback edition of the book, published by Harper & Row in 1979, pointed out further that no one had the slightest idea how to represent the common sense understanding possessed even by a four-year-old. (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1986, p. 102)A popular myth says that the invention of the computer diminishes our sense of ourselves, because it shows that rational thought is not special to human beings, but can be carried on by a mere machine. It is a short stop from there to the conclusion that intelligence is mechanical, which many people find to be an affront to all that is most precious and singular about their humanness.In fact, the computer, early in its career, was not an instrument of the philistines, but a humanizing influence. It helped to revive an idea that had fallen into disrepute: the idea that the mind is real, that it has an inner structure and a complex organization, and can be understood in scientific terms. For some three decades, until the 1940s, American psychology had lain in the grip of the ice age of behaviorism, which was antimental through and through. During these years, extreme behaviorists banished the study of thought from their agenda. Mind and consciousness, thinking, imagining, planning, solving problems, were dismissed as worthless for anything except speculation. Only the external aspects of behavior, the surface manifestations, were grist for the scientist's mill, because only they could be observed and measured....It is one of the surprising gifts of the computer in the history of ideas that it played a part in giving back to psychology what it had lost, which was nothing less than the mind itself. In particular, there was a revival of interest in how the mind represents the world internally to itself, by means of knowledge structures such as ideas, symbols, images, and inner narratives, all of which had been consigned to the realm of mysticism. (Campbell, 1989, p. 10)[Our artifacts] only have meaning because we give it to them; their intentionality, like that of smoke signals and writing, is essentially borrowed, hence derivative. To put it bluntly: computers themselves don't mean anything by their tokens (any more than books do)-they only mean what we say they do. Genuine understanding, on the other hand, is intentional "in its own right" and not derivatively from something else. (Haugeland, 1981a, pp. 32-33)he debate over the possibility of computer thought will never be won or lost; it will simply cease to be of interest, like the previous debate over man as a clockwork mechanism. (Bolter, 1984, p. 190)t takes us a long time to emotionally digest a new idea. The computer is too big a step, and too recently made, for us to quickly recover our balance and gauge its potential. It's an enormous accelerator, perhaps the greatest one since the plow, twelve thousand years ago. As an intelligence amplifier, it speeds up everything-including itself-and it continually improves because its heart is information or, more plainly, ideas. We can no more calculate its consequences than Babbage could have foreseen antibiotics, the Pill, or space stations.Further, the effects of those ideas are rapidly compounding, because a computer design is itself just a set of ideas. As we get better at manipulating ideas by building ever better computers, we get better at building even better computers-it's an ever-escalating upward spiral. The early nineteenth century, when the computer's story began, is already so far back that it may as well be the Stone Age. (Rawlins, 1997, p. 19)According to weak AI, the principle value of the computer in the study of the mind is that it gives us a very powerful tool. For example, it enables us to formulate and test hypotheses in a more rigorous and precise fashion than before. But according to strong AI the computer is not merely a tool in the study of the mind; rather the appropriately programmed computer really is a mind in the sense that computers given the right programs can be literally said to understand and have other cognitive states. And according to strong AI, because the programmed computer has cognitive states, the programs are not mere tools that enable us to test psychological explanations; rather, the programs are themselves the explanations. (Searle, 1981b, p. 353)What makes people smarter than machines? They certainly are not quicker or more precise. Yet people are far better at perceiving objects in natural scenes and noting their relations, at understanding language and retrieving contextually appropriate information from memory, at making plans and carrying out contextually appropriate actions, and at a wide range of other natural cognitive tasks. People are also far better at learning to do these things more accurately and fluently through processing experience.What is the basis for these differences? One answer, perhaps the classic one we might expect from artificial intelligence, is "software." If we only had the right computer program, the argument goes, we might be able to capture the fluidity and adaptability of human information processing. Certainly this answer is partially correct. There have been great breakthroughs in our understanding of cognition as a result of the development of expressive high-level computer languages and powerful algorithms. However, we do not think that software is the whole story.In our view, people are smarter than today's computers because the brain employs a basic computational architecture that is more suited to deal with a central aspect of the natural information processing tasks that people are so good at.... hese tasks generally require the simultaneous consideration of many pieces of information or constraints. Each constraint may be imperfectly specified and ambiguous, yet each can play a potentially decisive role in determining the outcome of processing. (McClelland, Rumelhart & Hinton, 1986, pp. 3-4)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Computers
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11 определяющий фактор
1) General subject: determinant, shaping factor, criterion (AD), driver (например, рынка)2) Biology: determinal factor3) Medicine: master factor4) Engineering: pacing factor5) Mathematics: crucial factor, decisive factor, determining factor, governing factor6) Accounting: pacing item7) Diplomatic term: test facilitation8) Metallurgy: determinative factor9) Psychology: determining factor (момент)10) Advertising: dominant factor11) Drilling: controlling factor12) Aviation medicine: determinant factor13) Makarov: main factor14) SAP.fin. account determination key15) Electricity: swing factorУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > определяющий фактор
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12 kataa
------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -kataa[English Word] refuse[Part of Speech] verb[Derived Language] Arabic[Related Words] makataa, mkataa, mkatavu, ukatavu, ukatazaji[Swahili Example] mwanafunzi ambaye ali kataa kukisoma kitabu hakufaulu kwenye mtihani[English Example] the student who refused to read the book did not pass the test------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -kataa[English Word] decline[Part of Speech] verb[Derived Language] Arabic------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -kataa[English Word] disagree[Part of Speech] verb[Derived Language] Arabic------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -kataa[English Word] disavow[Part of Speech] verb[Derived Language] Arabic------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -kataa[English Word] reject[Part of Speech] verb[Derived Language] Arabic[Related Words] makataa, mkataa, mkatavu, ukatavu, ukatazaji------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -kataa[English Word] say no[Part of Speech] verb[Derived Language] Arabic------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -kataa katakata[English Word] flatly refuse[Part of Speech] verb[Related Words] katakata[Swahili Example] Bi Tamima alikataa katakata mashauri yote mawili [Moh][English Example] Ms Tamima flatly refused both pieces of advice------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -kataa[English Word] deny[Part of Speech] verb[Derived Language] Arabic[Related Words] katao, katavu, katazo, makataa, mkataa, mkatavu, ukatavu, ukatazaji------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -kataa[English Word] renounce[Part of Speech] verb[Derived Language] Arabic------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -kataa[English Word] object[Part of Speech] verb[Derived Language] Arabic[Swahili Example] mtu hakatai mwito, hukataa aitwalo (methali)[English Example] a person does not object to being called, he objects to what he is called for (proverb)------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] kataa[Swahili Plural] kataa[English Word] part[English Plural] parts[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10[Derived Language] Arabic[Swahili Example] kataa ya nyumba[English Example] room (part of a house)------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] kataa[Swahili Plural] kataa[English Word] division[English Plural] divisions[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10[Derived Language] Arabic------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] kataa[Swahili Plural] kataa[English Word] piece[English Plural] pieces[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10[Derived Language] Arabic------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] kataa[Swahili Plural] kataa[English Word] cutting[English Plural] cuttings[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10[Derived Language] Arabic------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] kataa[Swahili Plural] kataa[English Word] section[English Plural] sections[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10[Derived Language] Arabic[Swahili Example] kataa la kitabu[English Example] section/chapter of a book------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] kataa la kitabu[Swahili Plural] makataa ya kitabu[English Word] section of a book[English Plural] sections of a book[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 5/6[Related Words] kitabu------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] kataa la kitabu[Swahili Plural] makataa ya kitabu[English Word] chapter[English Plural] chapters[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 5/6[Related Words] kitabu------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] kataa la kitabu[Swahili Plural] makataa ya kitabu[English Word] page[English Plural] pages[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 5/6[Related Words] kitabu------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] kataa[Swahili Plural] kataa[English Word] alcove[English Plural] alcoves[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10[Derived Language] Arabic------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] kataa ya nyumba[Swahili Plural] kataa za nyumba[English Word] room[English Plural] rooms[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10[Related Words] nyumba------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] kataa[English Word] final[Part of Speech] adjective[Derived Language] Arabic[Swahili Example] neno hili kataa[English Example] this is the final word------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] kataa[English Word] definitive[Part of Speech] adjective[Derived Language] Arabic------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] kataa[English Word] decisive[Part of Speech] adjective[Derived Language] Arabic------------------------------------------------------------ -
13 κύριος
κύριος [ῡ], α, ον, also ος, ον A.Supp. 732, E.Heracl. 143, Arist.Pol. 1306b20:—Thess. [full] κῦρρος IG9(2).517.20 (Larissa, iii B.C.): ([etym.] κῦρος) (not in Hom.):I of persons, having power or authority over, c. gen.,Ζεὺς ὁ πάντων κ. Pi.I.5(4).53
, cf. P.2.58;ἐμῶν τε καὶ σῶν κ. πιστωμάτων A.Ag. 878
; πρὶν ἄν σε κ. στήσω τέκνων put thee in possession of.., S.OC 1041;κύριοι πολιτείας Antipho 3.1.1
;κ. καταλύσεως Th.4.20
;εἰρήνης καὶ πολέμου X.HG2.2.18
; -ώτατοι τοῦ ἱεροῦ Th.5.53
(but ὁ -ώτατος θεὸς τοῦ ἱεροῦ, of the god to whom a temple is dedicated, OGI90.39 (Rosetta, ii B.C.));τῶν αὑτοὺ κ. Pl.Lg. 929d
, cf. Isoc. 19.34, etc.; θανάτου κ. τινός with power of life and death over, Pl. Criti. 120d;κ. περί τινος Arist.Pol. 1286a24
.2 κύριός εἰμι c. inf., I have authority to do, am entitled to do, A.Ag. 104 (lyr.); οὗτος κ. ὁρκωμοτεῖν (prob. for -ῶν) E.Supp. 1189;κ. ἀπολέσαι, σῶσαι δ' ἄκυροι And.4.9
, cf. Th.5.63, 8.5; - ώτεροι δοῦναι better able to give, Id.4.18;οὐ.. κ. οὔτε ἀνελέσθαι πόλεμον οὔτε καταλῦσαι X.An.5.7.27
;δοῦλοι κ. μαστιγοῦν τοὺς ἐλευθέρους Ephor.29
J.;αἱ ἀρχαὶ κ. κρίνειν Arist. Pol. 1287b16
; also κ. τοῦ μὴ μεθυσθῆναι having power not to.., Id.EN 1113b32: c. acc. et inf.,κ. εἶναι ἢ τοίαν εἶναι [πόλιν] ἢ τοίαν Pl.R. 429b
.3 folld. by a dependent clause,κ. γενέσθαι, ὅντινα δεῖ καταστήσασθαι Is.6.4
.4 c. part., ;κ. ἦν πράσσων ταῦτα Id.8.51
, cf. Plb.6.37.8, 18.37.10;κύριοι ἐόντω συλέοντες Schwyzer 337.13
(Delph.).5 abs., having authority, supreme, τί τῶνδε κυριωτέρους μένεις; A.Supp. 965; -ώτερος σέθεν E.Ba. 505
; ὁ πατὴρ μέχρι τούτου κ. [ἐστι] Arist.Rh. 1402a1; τὸ κ. the sovereign power in a state, Id.Pol. 1281a11, cf. Pl.R. 565a, etc.; τὰ κ. the supreme authorities, D.19.259, Arist.Rh. 1365b27;τὰ τῆσδε τῆς γῆς κ. S.OC 915
; at Athens, κ. ἐκκλησία a sovereign or principal assembly, Ar.Ach.19, Arist.Ath.43.4, IG12.42.22, al., 22.493.8, etc.; ἀγορὰ κ. ib.1298.7.II of things, ὁ τῆς ὥρας τῆς καταρχῆς κ. [ἀστήρ] Serapio in Cat.Cod.Astr.1.99: but usu. abs., authoritative, decisive,δίκαι E.Heracl.
l.c., And.1.88, Pl.Cri. 50b; μῦθος -ώτερος of more authority, E.IA 318 (troch.); -ωτάτη τῶν ἐπιστημῶν [ἡ πολιτική] Arist.Pol. 1282b15;αἱ -ώτεραι ἀρχαί Id.Cael. 285a26
, cf. Metaph. 997a12; [ἡ φρόνησις] τῆς σοφίας κυριωτέρα Id.EN 1143b34
; -ωτέρα ἡ καθόλου [ἀπόδειξις] Id.APo. 86a23;τάραχος ὁ -ώτατος Epicur.Ep.1p.30U.
; of sovereign remedies, -ωτάτη τῶν καθάρσεων Pl.Sph. 230d
; -ωτάτη κένωσις Gal.1.299
; important, principal, κ. δόξαι, of certain doctrines of Epicurus, Phld.Ir.p.86 W.;τὰ -ώτατα μέρη τῆς φύσεως Epicur.Sent.9
; -ώτερα μέρη τοῦ σώματος Philostr.Gym.50
; τὰ -ώτατα the principal organs, Gal.1.385 (but, the most important matters, Epicur.Sent.16);τὸ -ώτατον τῆς Ἐφέσου Philostr.VS1.22.4
: Gramm., κ. τόνος principal accent, D.T.Supp. 674.32.2 opp. ἄκυρος, valid, νόμος, δόγματα, D.24.1, Pl.Lg. 926d; κ. ποιεῖν [τὴν γνῶσιν], opp. ἄκυρον π., D.21.92, cf. 39.15;τὰς συνθήκας κυρίας ποιεῖν Lys.18.15
;ἡ συγγραφὴ ἥδε κ. ἔστω PEleph. 1.14
(iv B.C.); ἔστω τὰ κριθέντα κ. Lexap.D.21.94; soτὰς τῶν ἄλλων δόξας κ. ποιεῖν Pl.Tht. 179b
.3 of times, etc., ordained, appointed,ἡ κυρίη ἡμέρη Hdt.5.50
, cf. 93 (pl.);ἡ κ. τῶν ἡμερέων Id.1.48
, 6.129;κ. ἐν ἡμέρᾳ A.Supp. 732
;τόδε κ. ἦμαρ E.Alc. 105
(lyr.), etc.; κ. μήν, of a woman with child, i.e. the ninth month, Pi.O.6.32; ὅταν τὸ κ. μόλῃ φάος (prob.) the appointed time, A.Ag. 766 (lyr.);κ. μένει τέλος Id.Eu. 544
(lyr.); ἡ κ. [ἡμέρα] D.21.84, cf. Test.ib.93; but αἱ κ. [ἡμεραι], = κριτικαί, Hp.Aff.9.4 legitimate, lawful,ὕπνος πόνος τε, κ. ξυνωμόται A.Eu. 127
, cf. 327; κύρι' ἔχοντες having lawful power, ib. 960 (lyr.).5 ἡ κ. ἀρετή goodness proper, real goodness, Arist.EN 1144b4; [φλοιὸς] ὁ κ. Thphr.HP4.15.1
; Rhet. and Gramm., κ. ὄνομα the real or actual, hence current, ordinary, name of a thing, opp. μεταφορά, γλῶττα, Arist.Rh. 1404b6, 1410b12, Po. 1457b3, cf. D.H. Comp.21, D.L.10.13, etc.; σπάνει κυρίου ὀνόματος for lack of a current term, D.H.Comp.24; - ώτατα ὀνόματα most ordinary terms, ib.3 (hence also κ. ὄνομα proper, personal name, Plb.6.46.10, A.D.Pron. 10.11, al., Hdn.7.5.8; ὄνομα alone in this sense, Diog.Bab.Stoic.3.213); κ. [λέξεις] Phld.Rh.1.181 S.; κατὰ τὸν κ. τρόπον, opp. καταχρωμένη, ib.1.59 S.B Subst. [full] κύριος, ὁ, lord, master,τοῖσι κ. δωμάτων A.Ch. 658
, cf. 689, S.Aj. 734, etc.; ὁ κ. alone, head of a family, master of a house (cf. Sch.Ar.Eq. 965), Antipho 2.4.7, Ar.Pl.6, Arist.Pol. 1269b10;τοὺς κ. τῶν οἰκιῶν PTeb.5.147
(ii B.C.); also, guardian of a woman, Is.6.32, PGrenf.2.15 i 13 (ii B.C.), etc.: generally, guardian, trustee, Is. 2.10, D.43.15, 46.19, Men.Epit.89, etc.b later κύριε, as a form of respectful address, sir, Ev.Jo.12.21, 20.15, Act.Ap.16.30 (pl.), PFay. 106.15 (ii A.D.), etc.2 fem. κυρία, ἡ, mistress, lady of the house, Philem.223, LXXIs.24.2, etc.;κ. τῆς οἰκίας Men.403
: in voc., madam, D.C.48.44; applied to women from fourteen years upwards, Epict. Ench.40. (In later Gr. freq. written [full] κύρα, PGrenf.1.61.4 (vi A.D.), etc.)3 of gods, esp. in the East,Σεκνεβτῦνις ὁ κ. θεός PTeb.284.6
(i B.C.);Κρόνος κ. CIG4521
(Abila, i A.D.);Ζεὺς κ. Supp.Epigr.2.830
(Damascus, iii A.D.);κ. Σάραπις POxy.110.2
(ii A.D);ἡ κ. Ἄρτεμις IG 4.1124
(Tibur, ii A.D.); of deified rulers,τοῦ κ. βασιλέος θεοῦ OGI86.8
(Egypt, i B.C.); οἱ κ. θεοὶ μέγιστοι, of Ptolemy XIV and Cleopatra, Berl.Sitzb.1902.1096: hence, of rulers in general,βασιλεὺς Ἡρώδης κ. OGI415
(Judaea, i B.C.); of Roman Emperors, BGU1200.11 ([place name] Augustus), POxy. 37 i 6 ([place name] Claudius), etc. -
14 выключатель
switch
механическое или электрическое устройство, служащее для разрыва, замыкания или переключения электрических цепей. — а mechanical or electrical device that completes or breakes the path of current or sends it over to a different path.
- автопилота и демпфера рыекания (на пульте aп) — autopilot and yaw damper engage switch
- "аэр пит (шрап) - сеть на акк" — ext pwr/batt switch
- блокировки включения реверса, концевой — thrust reverser lock-out limit switch
- блокировки самолетных систем, концевой (по обжатию амортстойки) — ground shift switch
-, блокировочный — locking-out switch
выключатель, включаемый для предотвращения случайнаго включения или срабатывания к-л. эл. сети или снетемы. — а switch used to shut down and hold an equipment out of service on the occurrence of abnormal conditions.
- быстрой коррекции гироскоna — gyro fast erect switch
- включения (напр. автопилота) — (autopilot) engage switch
- включения (выключения) электропитания — on/off switch sets the system to on or off
-, включенный — switch on with switch 81 on the landing gear retraction circuit is interlocked.
- выключения сирены (звуковой сигнализации) — warning horn cut-off /-out/ swifch
- "включено-выключено". кнопочный — push-on/off switch
- выпущенного положения шасси, концевой — landing gear down limit switch
-, главный (питания) — master switch
- готовности срабатывания системы автомата торможения — anti-skid arming control switch
-, движковый — thumb switch
-, жидкостный — liquid level switch
устройство, корректирующее кажущийся уход гироскопа.
- зажигания — ignition switch
- замка выпущенного положения шасси, концевой — down-lock (limit) switch
- замка убранного положения шасси, концевой — up-lock (limit) switch
-, защищенный — guarded switch
-, кнопочный — push(-type) switch
- кольцевания (эп. цепей) — crosstie switch
-, концевой — limit switch
эп. устройство, контакты которого замыкаются или размыкаются в результате механического воздействия какого-либо подвижного элемента. — а mechanically operated contact-making or- breaking device mounted in the path of а moving object and actuated by its passage.
-, концевой (микровыключатель) — microswitch
-, концевой, включения противопожарной системы при посадке с убранным шасси. — crash switch а crash switch is used to activate the fire extinguishing system under crash conditions (lg-up landing)
-, концевой "земля-воздух" (для включения записи зву ковой информации) — (voice recorder) air shift switch
- коррекции (вк) — erecting cut-out switch
предотвращает прецессию гироскопа (гировертикали), вызываемую центробежной силой при развороте самопета. — erecting cut-out switch prevents precession of (vertical) gyro due to centrifugal force in turn.
-, нажимной — momentary switch
-, нажимной, замыкающий — momentary make switch
-, нажимной, размыкающий — momentary break switch
-, односетевой — single circuit switch
- останова двигателя — engine cut-out /shutdown/ switch
- отключения шины (переменного тока) — (ас) bus isolation switch
- перекидной — throw switch
-, перекидной (типа выключено-включено) — ingle throw (make) switch
-питания (эл.сети) — master switch
-, попеременного включениявыключения, нажимной, кнопочный — momentary alternate action push-button switch
- поперечной коррекции (аг), жидкостный — roll erection torque liquid level switch
-, предохранительный — circuit breaker
- проверки пиропатронов (системы пожарогашения) — squib test switch
- продопьной коррекции (аг), жидкостный — pitch erection torque liquid level switch
- противообледенительной системы двигателя — engine anti-icing switch
- противообледенительной системы (крыла, хвостового оперения) — airframe anti-icing switch
- прекращения огня на рукаятке стрелковой установки (в случае выхода из строя стрелка) — dead man switch
-, приводимый в действие большим пальцем руки — thumb switch
- ручного управления (напр., автопилота, крана и т.п.) — (autopilot, valve) manual control switch
-,рычажный (тумблер) — toggle switch
- с автоматической задержкой времени — automatic time delay switch
- сброса кислородной маски (для пользования пассажиром) — oxygen mask eject switch
- с нормально-замкнутыми контактами, кнопочный (размыкающий) — normally-closed push-type (break) switch
- с нормально-разомкнутыми контактами, кнопочный (замыкающий) — normally-open push-type (make) switch
-, термостатический — thermostatic switch
- убранного положения шасси, концевой — landing gear up limit switch
-, центробежный — centrifugal /centrifugally-operated/ switch
включение в. — setting the switch on, operation /setting, placing, moving, turning/ of the switch to on (position), actuation /engagement/ of the switch
выключение в. — setting the switch off setting /placing, moving, turning/ of the switch to off (position), disengagement of the switch
включение (выключение) в. движeнием вперед (назад) — switch is on (off) in forward (aft)
установка в. в положение вкл (откл) — operation /setting, placing, moving,turning/ оf the switch to on (off) (position)
включать в. — set /move, place, turn/ the switch on /to on position/, engage /close/ the switch
включать (выключать) в. быстро, энергично — operate the switch with quick decisive movement
включать (выключать) в. — set the switch on (off)
кратковременно — momentarily /to momentary on (off) position/
выключать в. — disengage /open/ the switch, set /move, place, turn/ the switch off /to off/
выходить на концевой в. (вызывать его срабатывание) — actuate /operate/ the limit switch
держать в. (включенным) до загорания (сигнальной) лампы — hold the switch until the light comes on
ставить в. в положение вкл (откл) — set /move, place, turn/ the switch on (off) (to on (off) position)Русско-английский сборник авиационно-технических терминов > выключатель
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15 Creativity
Put in this bald way, these aims sound utopian. How utopian they areor rather, how imminent their realization-depends on how broadly or narrowly we interpret the term "creative." If we are willing to regard all human complex problem solving as creative, then-as we will point out-successful programs for problem solving mechanisms that simulate human problem solvers already exist, and a number of their general characteristics are known. If we reserve the term "creative" for activities like discovery of the special theory of relativity or the composition of Beethoven's Seventh Symphony, then no example of a creative mechanism exists at the present time. (Simon, 1979, pp. 144-145)Among the questions that can now be given preliminary answers in computational terms are the following: how can ideas from very different sources be spontaneously thought of together? how can two ideas be merged to produce a new structure, which shows the influence of both ancestor ideas without being a mere "cut-and-paste" combination? how can the mind be "primed," so that one will more easily notice serendipitous ideas? why may someone notice-and remember-something fairly uninteresting, if it occurs in an interesting context? how can a brief phrase conjure up an entire melody from memory? and how can we accept two ideas as similar ("love" and "prove" as rhyming, for instance) in respect of a feature not identical in both? The features of connectionist AI models that suggest answers to these questions are their powers of pattern completion, graceful degradation, sensitization, multiple constraint satisfaction, and "best-fit" equilibration.... Here, the important point is that the unconscious, "insightful," associative aspects of creativity can be explained-in outline, at least-by AI methods. (Boden, 1996, p. 273)There thus appears to be an underlying similarity in the process involved in creative innovation and social independence, with common traits and postures required for expression of both behaviors. The difference is one of product-literary, musical, artistic, theoretical products on the one hand, opinions on the other-rather than one of process. In both instances the individual must believe that his perceptions are meaningful and valid and be willing to rely upon his own interpretations. He must trust himself sufficiently that even when persons express opinions counter to his own he can proceed on the basis of his own perceptions and convictions. (Coopersmith, 1967, p. 58)he average level of ego strength and emotional stability is noticeably higher among creative geniuses than among the general population, though it is possibly lower than among men of comparable intelligence and education who go into administrative and similar positions. High anxiety and excitability appear common (e.g. Priestley, Darwin, Kepler) but full-blown neurosis is quite rare. (Cattell & Butcher, 1970, p. 315)he insight that is supposed to be required for such work as discovery turns out to be synonymous with the familiar process of recognition; and other terms commonly used in the discussion of creative work-such terms as "judgment," "creativity," or even "genius"-appear to be wholly dispensable or to be definable, as insight is, in terms of mundane and well-understood concepts. (Simon, 1989, p. 376)From the sketch material still in existence, from the condition of the fragments, and from the autographs themselves we can draw definite conclusions about Mozart's creative process. To invent musical ideas he did not need any stimulation; they came to his mind "ready-made" and in polished form. In contrast to Beethoven, who made numerous attempts at shaping his musical ideas until he found the definitive formulation of a theme, Mozart's first inspiration has the stamp of finality. Any Mozart theme has completeness and unity; as a phenomenon it is a Gestalt. (Herzmann, 1964, p. 28)Great artists enlarge the limits of one's perception. Looking at the world through the eyes of Rembrandt or Tolstoy makes one able to perceive aspects of truth about the world which one could not have achieved without their aid. Freud believed that science was adaptive because it facilitated mastery of the external world; but was it not the case that many scientific theories, like works of art, also originated in phantasy? Certainly, reading accounts of scientific discovery by men of the calibre of Einstein compelled me to conclude that phantasy was not merely escapist, but a way of reaching new insights concerning the nature of reality. Scientific hypotheses require proof; works of art do not. Both are concerned with creating order, with making sense out of the world and our experience of it. (Storr, 1993, p. xii)The importance of self-esteem for creative expression appears to be almost beyond disproof. Without a high regard for himself the individual who is working in the frontiers of his field cannot trust himself to discriminate between the trivial and the significant. Without trust in his own powers the person seeking improved solutions or alternative theories has no basis for distinguishing the significant and profound innovation from the one that is merely different.... An essential component of the creative process, whether it be analysis, synthesis, or the development of a new perspective or more comprehensive theory, is the conviction that one's judgment in interpreting the events is to be trusted. (Coopersmith, 1967, p. 59)In the daily stream of thought these four different stages [preparation; incubation; illumination or inspiration; and verification] constantly overlap each other as we explore different problems. An economist reading a Blue Book, a physiologist watching an experiment, or a business man going through his morning's letters, may at the same time be "incubating" on a problem which he proposed to himself a few days ago, be accumulating knowledge in "preparation" for a second problem, and be "verifying" his conclusions to a third problem. Even in exploring the same problem, the mind may be unconsciously incubating on one aspect of it, while it is consciously employed in preparing for or verifying another aspect. (Wallas, 1926, p. 81)he basic, bisociative pattern of the creative synthesis [is] the sudden interlocking of two previously unrelated skills, or matrices of thought. (Koestler, 1964, p. 121)11) The Earliest Stages in the Creative Process Involve a Commerce with DisorderEven to the creator himself, the earliest effort may seem to involve a commerce with disorder. For the creative order, which is an extension of life, is not an elaboration of the established, but a movement beyond the established, or at least a reorganization of it and often of elements not included in it. The first need is therefore to transcend the old order. Before any new order can be defined, the absolute power of the established, the hold upon us of what we know and are, must be broken. New life comes always from outside our world, as we commonly conceive that world. This is the reason why, in order to invent, one must yield to the indeterminate within him, or, more precisely, to certain illdefined impulses which seem to be of the very texture of the ungoverned fullness which John Livingston Lowes calls "the surging chaos of the unexpressed." (Ghiselin, 1985, p. 4)New life comes always from outside our world, as we commonly conceive our world. This is the reason why, in order to invent, one must yield to the indeterminate within him, or, more precisely, to certain illdefined impulses which seem to be of the very texture of the ungoverned fullness which John Livingston Lowes calls "the surging chaos of the unexpressed." Chaos and disorder are perhaps the wrong terms for that indeterminate fullness and activity of the inner life. For it is organic, dynamic, full of tension and tendency. What is absent from it, except in the decisive act of creation, is determination, fixity, and commitment to one resolution or another of the whole complex of its tensions. (Ghiselin, 1952, p. 13)[P]sychoanalysts have principally been concerned with the content of creative products, and with explaining content in terms of the artist's infantile past. They have paid less attention to examining why the artist chooses his particular activity to express, abreact or sublimate his emotions. In short, they have not made much distinction between art and neurosis; and, since the former is one of the blessings of mankind, whereas the latter is one of the curses, it seems a pity that they should not be better differentiated....Psychoanalysis, being fundamentally concerned with drive and motive, might have been expected to throw more light upon what impels the creative person that in fact it has. (Storr, 1993, pp. xvii, 3)A number of theoretical approaches were considered. Associative theory, as developed by Mednick (1962), gained some empirical support from the apparent validity of the Remote Associates Test, which was constructed on the basis of the theory.... Koestler's (1964) bisociative theory allows more complexity to mental organization than Mednick's associative theory, and postulates "associative contexts" or "frames of reference." He proposed that normal, non-creative, thought proceeds within particular contexts or frames and that the creative act involves linking together previously unconnected frames.... Simonton (1988) has developed associative notions further and explored the mathematical consequences of chance permutation of ideas....Like Koestler, Gruber (1980; Gruber and Davis, 1988) has based his analysis on case studies. He has focused especially on Darwin's development of the theory of evolution. Using piagetian notions, such as assimilation and accommodation, Gruber shows how Darwin's system of ideas changed very slowly over a period of many years. "Moments of insight," in Gruber's analysis, were the culminations of slow long-term processes.... Finally, the information-processing approach, as represented by Simon (1966) and Langley et al. (1987), was considered.... [Simon] points out the importance of good problem representations, both to ensure search is in an appropriate problem space and to aid in developing heuristic evaluations of possible research directions.... The work of Langley et al. (1987) demonstrates how such search processes, realized in computer programs, can indeed discover many basic laws of science from tables of raw data.... Boden (1990a, 1994) has stressed the importance of restructuring the problem space in creative work to develop new genres and paradigms in the arts and sciences. (Gilhooly, 1996, pp. 243-244; emphasis in original)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Creativity
См. также в других словарях:
Test — Test, n. [OE. test test, or cupel, potsherd, F. t[^e]t, from L. testum an earthen vessel; akin to testa a piece of burned clay, an earthen pot, a potsherd, perhaps for tersta, and akin to torrere to patch, terra earth (cf. {Thirst}, and… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Test act — Test Test, n. [OE. test test, or cupel, potsherd, F. t[^e]t, from L. testum an earthen vessel; akin to testa a piece of burned clay, an earthen pot, a potsherd, perhaps for tersta, and akin to torrere to patch, terra earth (cf. {Thirst}, and… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Test object — Test Test, n. [OE. test test, or cupel, potsherd, F. t[^e]t, from L. testum an earthen vessel; akin to testa a piece of burned clay, an earthen pot, a potsherd, perhaps for tersta, and akin to torrere to patch, terra earth (cf. {Thirst}, and… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Test paper — Test Test, n. [OE. test test, or cupel, potsherd, F. t[^e]t, from L. testum an earthen vessel; akin to testa a piece of burned clay, an earthen pot, a potsherd, perhaps for tersta, and akin to torrere to patch, terra earth (cf. {Thirst}, and… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Test tube — Test Test, n. [OE. test test, or cupel, potsherd, F. t[^e]t, from L. testum an earthen vessel; akin to testa a piece of burned clay, an earthen pot, a potsherd, perhaps for tersta, and akin to torrere to patch, terra earth (cf. {Thirst}, and… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
decisive — [adj] definite absolute, all out*, assured, bent, certain, conclusive, crisp, critical, crucial, decided, definitive, determined, fateful, final, firm, flat out*, forceful, imperative, imperious, incisive, influential, intent, litmus test*,… … New thesaurus
test — 1. test [ tɛst ] n. m. • XVIe; « coquille » v. 1200; lat. testa « coquille dure » → tête ♦ Zool. Enveloppe calcaire ou chitineuse (coquille, coque, carapace) qui protège le corps de nombreux invertébrés (⇒ testacé). Test globuleux de l … Encyclopédie Universelle
acid test — decisive test, last and final examination; test of fate; test of acidity in a substance … English contemporary dictionary
litmus test — noun 1》 Chemistry a test using litmus. 2》 a decisive test: they failed the litmus test of political maturity … English new terms dictionary
litmus test — /ˈlɪtməs tɛst/ (say litmuhs test) noun 1. a test of acidity or alkalinity using litmus paper. 2. a decisive test of a person s loyalty, character, determination, etc …
acid test — Final, decisive test; proof. ► “Seven ‘acid tests’ of whether personnel was making an effective business contribution were discussed at the conference on restructuring business: The HR* contribution.” (People Management, May 4, 1995, p. 18) … American business jargon
